Tax-loss harvesting alternatives for VOO

The closest fund alternative to VOO (S&P 500) is SPY (SPDR S&P 500 ETF), with a return correlation of 1.00 over the past year. Correlations are computed from daily closing-price returns aligned by trading day.

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ETFS

Fund stand-ins

Funds covering similar ground. Two funds tracking the same index may themselves be 'substantially identical' for wash-sale purposes.

Ticker	Name	Focus	Match	1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y
SPY	SPDR S&P 500 ETF	S&P 500	BROAD	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
IVV	iShares Core S&P 500	S&P 500	BROAD	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
VTI	Vanguard Total Stock Market	Total US Market	BROAD	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.99
IWF	iShares Russell 1000 Growth	Large Growth	BROAD	0.94	0.96	0.96	0.96
QQQM	Invesco Nasdaq 100 ETF	Nasdaq 100	BROAD	0.93	0.95	0.95	—
QQQ	Invesco QQQ Trust	Nasdaq 100	BROAD	0.93	0.95	0.95	0.93
DIA	SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average	Dow 30	BROAD	0.83	0.88	0.91	0.94
IWM	iShares Russell 2000	Small-Cap	BROAD	0.82	0.81	0.85	0.86
MDY	SPDR S&P MidCap 400	Mid-Cap	BROAD	0.80	0.84	0.88	0.90
IWD	iShares Russell 1000 Value	Large Value	BROAD	0.79	0.84	0.89	0.92
RSP	Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight	S&P 500 Equal Weight	BROAD	0.77	0.86	0.91	0.93

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Method: Pearson correlation of daily closing-price returns, Yahoo Finance data, series aligned by trading day, refreshed weekly. A cell is blank when overlapping history covers less than 60% of its window. Correlation is descriptive, not predictive. Wash-sale treatment depends on facts and circumstances — confirm with a tax professional. Not investment advice.